Canine Multifocal Retinopathy (CMR) is an autosomal recessive eye disorder.
The mutation causes raised lesions to form on the retina which alters the appearance of the eye but usually does not affect sight. The lesions may disappear, or may result in minor retinal folding. Symptoms of the mutation usually appear when a puppy is only a few months old, and generally do not worsen over time.
CMR is recessive, so both parents would need to be carriers of the mutation to produce an affected puppy. "Clear" CMR dogs do not carry the mutation for the disorder. Breeding two clears or one clear and one carrier will not produce affected offspring, however if one parent is a carrier, a percentage of the offspring will be carriers. Therefore, it is useful to test for the presence of the CMR mutation before breeding. Additionally, since retinal defects can be caused by other conditions, testing can verify that a dog actually has CMR rather than some other eye condition.
(Animal Genetics Incorporated offers DNA testing and detection of the gene mutation responsible for the genetic form of Canine Multifocal Retinopathy.)
Results are given as follows:
CMR/CMR (Affected): The dog carries two copies of the mutant gene and is homozygous for Canine Multifocal Retinopathy. The dog is affected and will always pass on a copy of the mutant gene to its offspring. THESE DOGS SHOULD NOT BE BRED.
CMR/n (Carrier): Both the normal and mutant copies of the gene detected. Dog is a carrier for Canine Multifocal Retinopaathy, and can pass on a copy of the defective gene to any offspring. THESE DOGS SHOULD ONLY BE BRED TO CLEAR DOGS.
n/n (Clear): Dog tested negative for the Canine Mulltifocal Retinopathy gene mutation, and will not pass on the defective gene to its offspring. CANDIDATE FOR BREEDING.
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Hyperuricosuria (HUU)
Dogs with this genetic mutation metabolize waste products as uric acid in their urine. The uric acid forms into hard stones in the bladder, causing pain and inflammation as the stone moves through the urinary tract.
A dog that has difficulty urinating or appears to have an inflamed bladder may have HUU. Other signs can include blood in the urine and frequent urination. If the dog is unable to pass the urate stones without medical intervention, surgery may be required to remove them. And if the urinary tract is blocked, the condition can be life threatening. Even in the best case scenario, HUU is uncomfortable and painful for the dog.
The mutation is autosomal recessive. Both parents will need to be carriers of the mutation to pass it on to their offspring. Carriers will not show any symptoms of HUU and even affected dogs may not show any signs, so it is important to test dogs for HUU prior to breeding.
(Animal Genetics Incorporated offers DNA testing and detection of the gene mutation responsible for the genetic form of Hyperuricosuria.)
Results are given as follows:
HUU/HUU (Affected): The dog carries two copies of the mutant gene and is homozygous for Hyperuricosuria. The dog is affected and will always pass on a copy of the mutant gene to its offspring. THESE DOGS SHOULD NOT BE BRED.
HUU/n (Carrier): Both the normal and mutant copies of the gene detected. Dog is a carrier for Hyperuricosuria, and can pass on a copy of the defective gene to any offspring. THESE DOGS SHOULD ONLY BE BRED TO CLEAR DOGS.
n/n (Clear): Dog tested negative for the Hyperuricosuria gene mutation, and will not pass on the defective gene to its offspring. CANDIDATE FOR BREEDING.